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How Does Life Unfold? A Landscape Metaphor Comes Into Its Own.

C.H. Waddington’s powerful image of embryonic stem cells specializing on a rolling landscape has captivated biologists since the 1950s. Experimental data is finally confirming, and complicating, his visionary ideas. The post How Does Life Unfold? A Landscape Metaphor Comes Into

Where does Earth's nitrogen go? Two atoms offer a clue

Nitrogen is one of life's building blocks, but it's only helpful in the right amounts. Too much nitrogen in water, for example, can lead to poor water quality and the gradual death of aquatic organisms. Microbes remove nitrogen from water by converting it to a gas that escapes

Scared of Shots? A Favorite Tune Helps Mute the Pain

Many people really hate needles. When they have to give blood or get an IV for even a small medical procedure, they may panic, tensing up their muscles and spiking their heart rate, which can amplify the pain of the poke. Some people even suffer a sustained shock of pain and

Only one workout helped older adults lose fat and keep muscle

A six-month study suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may offer older adults a powerful advantage: losing body fat while keeping their muscle. Unlike moderate-intensity workouts, which led to a small loss of lean muscle, HIIT preserved it while also improving